# Lookups

Lookup plugins allow access of data in Ansible from outside sources. Like all templating, these plugins are evaluated on the Ansible control machine, and can include reading the filesystem but also contacting external datastores and services. These values are then made available using the standard templating system in Ansible, and are typically used to load variables or templates with information from those systems.

Note

This is considered an advanced feature, and many users will probably not rely on these features.

Note

Lookups occur on the local computer, not on the remote computer.

Note

Lookups are executed with a cwd relative to the role or play, as opposed to local tasks which are executed with the cwd of the executed script.

Note

Since 1.9 you can pass wantlist=True to lookups to use in jinja2 template “for” loops.

Warning

Some lookups pass arguments to a shell. When using variables from a remote/untrusted source, use the |quote filter to ensure safe usage.

Topics

- Lookups
  - Intro to Lookups: Getting File Contents
  - The Password Lookup
  - The Passwordstore Lookup
- Examples
  - The CSV File Lookup
  - The INI File Lookup
  - The Credstash Lookup
  - The DNS Lookup (dig)
  - MongoDB Lookup
  - More Lookups

## Intro to Lookups: Getting File Contents

The file lookup is the most basic lookup type.

Contents can be read off the filesystem as follows:

    ---
    - hosts: all
      vars:
         contents: "{{ lookup('file', '/etc/foo.txt') }}"

      tasks:

         - debug: msg="the value of foo.txt is {{ contents }}"

## The Password Lookup

Note

A great alternative to the password lookup plugin, if you don’t need to generate random passwords on a per-host basis, would be to use Using Vault in playbooks. Read the documentation there and consider using it first, it will be more desirable for most applications.

`password` generates a random plaintext password and stores it in a file at a given filepath.

(Docs about crypted save modes are pending)

If the file exists previously, it will retrieve its contents, behaving just like with_file. Usage of variables like “{{ inventory_hostname }}” in the filepath can be used to set up random passwords per host (which simplifies password management in ‘host_vars’ variables).

A special case is using `/dev/null` as a path. The password lookup will generate a new random password each time, but will not write it to `/dev/null`. This can be used when you need a password without storing it on the controller.

Generated passwords contain a random mix of upper and lowercase ASCII letters, the numbers 0-9 and punctuation (”. , : - _”). The default length of a generated password is 20 characters. This length can be changed by passing an extra parameter:

    ---
    - hosts: all

      tasks:

        - name: create a mysql user with a random password
          mysql_user:
            name: "{{ client }}"
            password: "{{ lookup('password', 'credentials/' + client + '/' + tier + '/' + role + '/mysqlpassword length=15') }}"
            priv: "{{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL"

        # (...)

Note

If the file already exists, no data will be written to it. If the file has contents, those contents will be read in as the password. Empty files cause the password to return as an empty string.

Caution: Since this runs on the ansible host as the user running the playbook, and “become” does not apply, the target file must be readable by the playbook user, or, if it does not exist, the playbook user must have sufficient privileges to create it. (So, for example, attempts to write into areas such as /etc will fail unless the entire playbook is being run as root).

Starting in version 1.4, password accepts a “chars” parameter to allow defining a custom character set in the generated passwords. It accepts comma separated list of names that are either string module attributes (ascii_letters,digits, etc) or are used literally:

    ---
    - hosts: all

      tasks:

        - name: create a mysql user with a random password using only ascii letters
          mysql_user: name={{ client }} password="{{ lookup('password', '/tmp/passwordfile chars=ascii_letters') }}" priv={{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL

        - name: create a mysql user with a random password using only digits
          mysql_user:
            name: "{{ client }}"
            password: "{{ lookup('password', '/tmp/passwordfile chars=digits') }}"
            priv: "{{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL"

        - name: create a mysql user with a random password using many different char sets
          mysql_user:
            name: "{{ client }}"
            password" "{{ lookup('password', '/tmp/passwordfile chars=ascii_letters,digits,hexdigits,punctuation') }}"
            priv: "{{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL"

        # (...)

To enter comma use two commas ‘,,’ somewhere - preferably at the end. Quotes and double quotes are not supported.

## The Passwordstore Lookup

New in version 2.3.

The `passwordstore` lookup enables Ansible to retrieve, create or update passwords from the passwordstore.org `pass` utility. It also retrieves YAML style keys stored as multilines in the passwordfile.

# Examples

Basic lookup. Fails if example/test doesn’t exist:

    password="{{ lookup('passwordstore', 'example/test')}}"

Create pass with random 16 character password. If password exists just give the password:

    password="{{ lookup('passwordstore', 'example/test create=true')}}"

Different size password:

    password="{{ lookup('passwordstore', 'example/test create=true length=42')}}"

Create password and overwrite the password if it exists. As a bonus, this module includes the old password inside the pass file:

    password="{{ lookup('passwordstore', 'example/test create=true overwrite=true')}}"

Return the value for user in the KV pair user: username:

    password="{{ lookup('passwordstore', 'example/test subkey=user')}}"

Return the entire password file content:

    password="{{ lookup('passwordstore', 'example/test returnall=true')}}"

The location of the password-store directory can be specified in the following ways:
  - Default is ~/.password-store
  - Can be overruled by PASSWORD_STORE_DIR environment variable
  - Can be overruled by ‘passwordstore: path/to/.password-store’ ansible setting
  - Can be overruled by ‘directory=path’ argument in the lookup call

## The CSV File Lookup

New in version 1.5.

The `csvfile` lookup reads the contents of a file in CSV (comma-separated value) format. The lookup looks for the row where the first column matches `keyname`, and returns the value in the second column, unless a different column is specified.

The example below shows the contents of a CSV file named elements.csv with information about the periodic table of elements:

    Symbol,Atomic Number,Atomic Mass
    H,1,1.008
    He,2,4.0026
    Li,3,6.94
    Be,4,9.012
    B,5,10.81

We can use the `csvfile` plugin to look up the atomic number or atomic of Lithium by its symbol:

    - debug: msg="The atomic number of Lithium is {{ lookup('csvfile', 'Li file=elements.csv delimiter=,') }}"
    - debug: msg="The atomic mass of Lithium is {{ lookup('csvfile', 'Li file=elements.csv delimiter=, col=2') }}"

The `csvfile` lookup supports several arguments. The format for passing arguments is:

    lookup('csvfile', 'key arg1=val1 arg2=val2 ...')

The first value in the argument is the `key`, which must be an entry that appears exactly once in column 0 (the first column, 0-indexed) of the table. All other arguments are optional.

Field | Default | Description
file | ansible.csv | Name of the file to load
col | 1 | The column to output, indexed by 0
delimiter | TAB | Delimiter used by CSV file. As a special case, tab can be specified as either TAB or t.
default | empty string | Default return value if the key is not in the csv file
encoding | utf-8 | Encoding (character set) of the used CSV file (added in version 2.1)

Note

The default delimiter is TAB, not comma.

## The INI File Lookup

New in version 2.0.

The `ini` lookup reads the contents of a file in INI format (key1=value1). This plugin retrieve the value on the right side after the equal sign (‘=’) of a given section ([section]). You can also read a property file which - in this case - does not contain section.

Here’s a simple example of an INI file with user/password configuration:

    [production]
    # My production information
    user=robert
    pass=somerandompassword

    [integration]
    # My integration information
    user=gertrude
    pass=anotherpassword

We can use the `ini` plugin to lookup user configuration:

    - debug: msg="User in integration is {{ lookup('ini', 'user section=integration file=users.ini') }}"
    - debug: msg="User in production  is {{ lookup('ini', 'user section=production  file=users.ini') }}"

Another example for this plugin is for looking for a value on java properties. Here’s a simple properties we’ll take as an example:

    user.name=robert
    user.pass=somerandompassword

You can retrieve the `user.name` field with the following lookup:

    - debug: msg="user.name is {{ lookup('ini', 'user.name type=properties file=user.properties') }}"

The `ini` lookup supports several arguments like the csv plugin. The format for passing arguments is:

    lookup('ini', 'key [type=<properties|ini>] [section=section] [file=file.ini] [re=true] [default=<defaultvalue>]')

The first value in the argument is the `key`, which must be an entry that appears exactly once on keys. All other arguments are optional.

Field | Default | Description
type | ini | Type of the file. Can be ini or properties (for java properties).
file | ansible.ini | Name of the file to load
section | global | Default section where to lookup for key.
re | False | The key is a regexp.
encoding | utf-8 | Text encoding to use.
default | empty string | return value if the key is not in the ini file

Note

In java properties files, there’s no need to specify a section.

## The Credstash Lookup

New in version 2.0.

Credstash is a small utility for managing secrets using AWS’s KMS and DynamoDB: https://github.com/fugue/credstash

First, you need to store your secrets with credstash:

    credstash put my-github-password secure123

    # my-github-password has been stored

Example usage:

    ---
    - name: "Test credstash lookup plugin -- get my github password"
      debug: msg="Credstash lookup! {{ lookup('credstash', 'my-github-password') }}"

You can specify regions or tables to fetch secrets from:

    ---
    - name: "Test credstash lookup plugin -- get my other password from us-west-1"
      debug: msg="Credstash lookup! {{ lookup('credstash', 'my-other-password', region='us-west-1') }}"

    - name: "Test credstash lookup plugin -- get the company's github password"
      debug: msg="Credstash lookup! {{ lookup('credstash', 'company-github-password', table='company-passwords') }}"

If you use the context feature when putting your secret, you can get it by passing a dictionary to the context option like this:

    ---
    - name: test
      hosts: localhost
      vars:
        context:
          app: my_app
          environment: production
      tasks:

      - name: "Test credstash lookup plugin -- get the password with a context passed as a variable"
        debug: msg="{{ lookup('credstash', 'some-password', context=context) }}"

      - name: "Test credstash lookup plugin -- get the password with a context defined here"
        debug: msg="{{ lookup('credstash', 'some-password', context=dict(app='my_app', environment='production')) }}"

If you’re not using 2.0 yet, you can do something similar with the credstash tool and the pipe lookup (see below):

    debug: msg="Poor man's credstash lookup! {{ lookup('pipe', 'credstash -r us-west-1 get my-other-password') }}"

## The DNS Lookup (dig)

New in version 1.9.0.

Warning

This lookup depends on the dnspython library.

The `dig` lookup runs queries against DNS servers to retrieve DNS records for a specific name (FQDN - fully qualified domain name). It is possible to lookup any DNS record in this manner.

There is a couple of different syntaxes that can be used to specify what record should be retrieved, and for which name. It is also possible to explicitly specify the DNS server(s) to use for lookups.

In its simplest form, the `dig` lookup plugin can be used to retrieve an IPv4 address (DNS `A` record) associated with FQDN:

Note

If you need to obtain the `AAAA` record (IPv6 address), you must specify the record type explicitly. Syntax for specifying the record type is described below.

Note

The trailing dot in most of the examples listed is purely optional, but is specified for completeness/correctness sake.

    - debug: msg="The IPv4 address for example.com. is {{ lookup('dig', 'example.com.')}}"

In addition to (default) `A` record, it is also possible to specify a different record type that should be queried. This can be done by either passing-in additional parameter of format `qtype=TYPE` to the `dig` lookup, or by appending `/TYPE` to the FQDN being queried. For example:

    - debug: msg="The TXT record for example.org. is {{ lookup('dig', 'example.org.', 'qtype=TXT') }}"
    - debug: msg="The TXT record for example.org. is {{ lookup('dig', 'example.org./TXT') }}"

If multiple values are associated with the requested record, the results will be returned as a comma-separated list. In such cases you may want to pass option `wantlist=True` to the plugin, which will result in the record values being returned as a list over which you can iterate later on:

    - debug: msg="One of the MX records for gmail.com. is {{ item }}"
      with_items: "{{ lookup('dig', 'gmail.com./MX', wantlist=True) }}"

In case of reverse DNS lookups (`PTR` records), you can also use a convenience syntax of format `IP_ADDRESS/PTR`. The following three lines would produce the same output:

    - debug: msg="Reverse DNS for 192.0.2.5 is {{ lookup('dig', '192.0.2.5/PTR') }}"
    - debug: msg="Reverse DNS for 192.0.2.5 is {{ lookup('dig', '5.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa./PTR') }}"
    - debug: msg="Reverse DNS for 192.0.2.5 is {{ lookup('dig', '5.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa.', 'qtype=PTR') }}"

By default, the lookup will rely on system-wide configured DNS servers for performing the query. It is also possible to explicitly specify DNS servers to query using the `@DNS_SERVER_1,DNS_SERVER_2,...,DNS_SERVER_N` notation. This needs to be passed-in as an additional parameter to the lookup. For example:

    - debug: msg="Querying 198.51.100.23 for IPv4 address for example.com. produces {{ lookup('dig', 'example.com', '@198.51.100.23') }}"

In some cases the DNS records may hold a more complex data structure, or it may be useful to obtain the results in a form of a dictionary for future processing. The `dig` lookup supports parsing of a number of such records, with the result being returned as a dictionary. This way it is possible to easily access such nested data. This return format can be requested by passing-in the `flat=0` option to the lookup. For example:

    - debug: msg="XMPP service for gmail.com. is available at {{ item.target }} on port {{ item.port }}"
      with_items: "{{ lookup('dig', '_xmpp-server._tcp.gmail.com./SRV', 'flat=0', wantlist=True) }}"

Take note that due to the way Ansible lookups work, you must pass the `wantlist=True` argument to the lookup, otherwise Ansible will report errors.

Currently the dictionary results are supported for the following records:

Note

ALL is not a record per-se, merely the listed fields are available for any record results you retrieve in the form of a dictionary.

Record | Fields
ALL | owner, ttl, type
A | address
AAAA | address
CNAME | target
DNAME | target
DLV | algorithm, digest_type, key_tag, digest
DNSKEY | flags, algorithm, protocol, key
DS | algorithm, digest_type, key_tag, digest
HINFO | cpu, os
LOC | latitude, longitude, altitude, size, horizontal_precision, vertical_precision
MX | preference, exchange
NAPTR | order, preference, flags, service, regexp, replacement
NS | target
NSEC3PARAM | algorithm, flags, iterations, salt
PTR | target
RP | mbox, txt
SOA | mname, rname, serial, refresh, retry, expire, minimum
SPF | strings
SRV | priority, weight, port, target
SSHFP | algorithm, fp_type, fingerprint
TLSA | usage, selector, mtype, cert
TXT | strings

## MongoDB Lookup

New in version 2.3.

Warning

This lookup depends on the pymongo 2.4+ library.

The `MongoDB` lookup runs the find() command on a given collection on a given MongoDB server.

The result is a list of jsons, so slightly different from what PyMongo returns. In particular, timestamps are converted to epoch integers.

Currently, the following parameters are supported.

Parameter | Mandatory | Type | Default Value | Comment
connection_string | no | string | mongodb://localhost/ | Can be any valid MongoDB connection string, supporting authentication, replicasets, etc. More info at https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/
extra_connection_parameters | no | dict | {} | Dictionary with extra parameters like ssl, ssl_keyfile, maxPoolSize etc... Check the full list here: https://api.mongodb.org/python/current/api/pymongo/mongo_client.html#pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient
database | yes | string |  | Name of the database which the query will be made
collection | yes | string |  | Name of the collection which the query will be made
filter | no | dict | [pymongo default] | Criteria of the output Example: { “hostname”: “batman” }
projection | no | dict | [pymongo default] | Fields you want returned. Example: { “pid”: True , “_id” : False , “hostname” : True }
skip | no | integer | [pymongo default] | How many results should be skept
limit | no | integer | [pymongo default] | How many results should be shown
sort | no | list | [pymongo default] | Sorting rules. Please notice the constats are replaced by strings. [ [ “startTime” , “ASCENDING” ] , [ “age”, “DESCENDING” ] ]
[any find() parameter] | no | [any] | [pymongo default] | Every parameter with exception to connection_string, database and collection are passed to pymongo directly.

Please check https://api.mongodb.org/python/current/api/pymongo/collection.html?highlight=find#pymongo.collection.Collection.find for more detais.

Since there are too many parameters for this lookup method, below is a sample playbook which shows its usage and a nice way to feed the parameters:

    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: false

      vars:
        mongodb_parameters:
          #optional parameter, default = "mongodb://localhost/"
          # connection_string: "mongodb://localhost/"
          # extra_connection_parameters: { "ssl" : True , "ssl_certfile": /etc/self_signed_certificate.pem" }

          #mandatory parameters
          database: 'local'
          collection: "startup_log"

          #optional query  parameters
          #we accept any parameter from the normal mongodb query.
          # the official documentation is here
          # https://api.mongodb.org/python/current/api/pymongo/collection.html?highlight=find#pymongo.collection.Collection.find
          # filter:  { "hostname": "batman" }
          projection: { "pid": True    , "_id" : False , "hostname" : True }
          # skip: 0
          limit: 1
          # sort:  [ [ "startTime" , "ASCENDING" ] , [ "age", "DESCENDING" ] ]

      tasks:
        - debug: msg="Mongo has already started with the following PID [{{ item.pid }}]"
          with_mongodb: "{{mongodb_parameters}}"

Sample output:

    mdiez@batman:~/ansible$ ansible-playbook m.yml -i localhost.ini

    PLAY [all] *********************************************************************

    TASK [debug] *******************************************************************
    Sunday 20 March 2016  22:40:39 +0200 (0:00:00.023)       0:00:00.023 **********
    ok: [localhost] => (item={u'hostname': u'batman', u'pid': 60639L}) => {
        "item": {
            "hostname": "batman",
            "pid": 60639
        },
        "msg": "Mongo has already started with the following PID [60639]"
    }

    PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
    localhost                  : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

    Sunday 20 March 2016  22:40:39 +0200 (0:00:00.067)       0:00:00.091 **********
    ===============================================================================
    debug ------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.07s
    mdiez@batman:~/ansible$

## More Lookups

Various lookup plugins allow additional ways to iterate over data. In Loops you will learn how to use them to walk over collections of numerous types. However, they can also be used to pull in data from remote sources, such as shell commands or even key value stores. This section will cover lookup plugins in this capacity.

Here are some examples:

    ---
    - hosts: all

      tasks:

         - debug: msg="{{ lookup('env','HOME') }} is an environment variable"

         - name: lines will iterate over each line from stdout of a command
           debug: msg="{{ item }} is a line from the result of this command"
           with_lines: cat /etc/motd

         - debug: msg="{{ lookup('pipe','date') }} is the raw result of running this command"

         - name: Always use quote filter to make sure your variables are safe to use with shell
           debug: msg="{{ lookup('pipe','getent ' + myuser|quote ) }}"

         - name: Quote variables with_lines also as it executes shell
           debug: msg="{{ item }} is a line from myfile"
           with_lines: "cat {{myfile|quote}}"

         - name: redis_kv lookup requires the Python redis package
           debug: msg="{{ lookup('redis_kv', 'redis://localhost:6379,somekey') }} is value in Redis for somekey"

         - name: dnstxt lookup requires the Python dnspython package
           debug: msg="{{ lookup('dnstxt', 'example.com') }} is a DNS TXT record for example.com"

         - debug: msg="{{ lookup('template', './some_template.j2') }} is a value from evaluation of this template"

         # Since 2.4, you can pass in variables during evaluation
         - debug: msg="{{ lookup('template', './some_template.j2', template_vars=dict(x=42)) }} is evaluated with x=42"

         - name: loading a json file from a template as a string
           debug: msg="{{ lookup('template', './some_json.json.j2', convert_data=False) }} is a value from evaluation of this template"

         - debug: msg="{{ lookup('etcd', 'foo') }} is a value from a locally running etcd"

         # shelvefile lookup retrieves a string value corresponding to a key inside a Python shelve file
         - debug: msg="{{ lookup('shelvefile', 'file=path_to_some_shelve_file.db key=key_to_retrieve') }}

         # The following lookups were added in 1.9
         # url lookup splits lines by default, an option to disable this was added in 2.4
         - debug: msg="{{item}}"
           with_url:
                - 'https://github.com/gremlin.keys'

         # outputs the cartesian product of the supplied lists
         - debug: msg="{{item}}"
           with_cartesian:
                - "{{list1}}"
                - "{{list2}}"
                - [1,2,3,4,5,6]

         - name: Added in 2.3 allows using the system's keyring
           debug: msg={{lookup('keyring','myservice myuser')}}

As an alternative, you can also assign lookup plugins to variables or use them elsewhere. These macros are evaluated each time they are used in a task (or template):

    vars:
      motd_value: "{{ lookup('file', '/etc/motd') }}"

    tasks:

      - debug: msg="motd value is {{ motd_value }}"

See also

Playbooks
  An introduction to playbooks
Conditionals
  Conditional statements in playbooks
Variables
  All about variables
Loops
  Looping in playbooks
User Mailing List
  Have a question? Stop by the google group!
irc.freenode.net
  #ansible IRC chat channel